Mac OS X allows you to control your computer in different ways. If you have difficulty using your computer, or want to work in a different way, you can try some of the following:
To select menus, icons, windows, and toolbars using your keyboard, turn on Full Keyboard Access in Keyboard & Mouse preferences.
To speed up or slow down the response time of the keyboard or mouse, set preferences in Keyboard & Mouse preferences.
To press groups of keys as a sequence instead of all at once, turn on Sticky Keys in the Keyboard pane of Universal Access preferences.
To move the pointer using a numeric keypad, turn on Mouse Keys in Keyboard & Mouse preferences.
To use special equipment to control your computer, select "Enable access for assistive devices" in Universal Access preferences.
To control your computer using spoken commands, turn on Speakable Items in Speech preferences.
About Universal Access features
If you are person with a disability or have difficulty seeing, hearing, or controlling your computer, you can use Universal Access preferences to set custom preferences that may make your computer easier to use. Some things you can change include the following:
Switch the screen to black and white, and other contrast enhancements.
Choose to make the screen flash when an alert sound occurs.
Zoom in on the screen image to make it appear larger.
Make the computer read aloud the text on the screen when you move the pointer over an item in the Finder, Dock, or application toolbar.
Make the mouse functions available through the keyboard.
Turn on Sticky Keys or Slow Keys to help you control the keyboard.
Turn on Mouse Keys to control the pointer using your numeric keypad.
In addition, you'll find settings in the Displays, Sound, General, and Speech panes of System Preferences that may help you use your computer.
Enhancing screen contrast
If you have difficulty seeing objects on your computer screen, you can choose different screen contrasts to make the screen easier to view. Choose a screen contrast effect in the Universal Access pane of System Preferences.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences
Click Universal Access
Then click Seeing.
To remove colors from the screen, click "Set Display to Grayscale."
To make the computer screen appear as a photonegative (with white text on a black background), click "Switch to White on Black."
Drag the "Enhance contrast" slider to the right to increase the contrast.
Changing alert sounds into screen flashes
If you have trouble hearing your computer's alert sounds, or if you want to use your computer with the sound muted, you can make your computer screen flash instead of hearing a sound when an alert appears.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Universal Access.
Then click Hearing.
2. Select the checkbox labeled "Flash the screen when an alert sound occurs."
To raise or lower your computer's volume, click Adjust Volume and drag the "Output volume" slider.
Making the screen image appear larger
If you have difficulty seeing or reading objects on your screen, you can make items on your screen appear larger by setting zoom options in the Universal Access pane of System Preferences.
To turn on zoom and set zoom options:
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Universal Access. Then click Seeing.
Click Turn On Zoom.
To make the screen image appear larger (zoom in), press Command-Option-+. To make it appear smaller (zoom out), press Command-Option-"-". You can change these shortcut keys in the Keyboard Shortcuts pane of Keyboard & Mouse preferences.
Setting zoom options for viewing your computer screen
You can make the image on your computer screen larger so that objects on the screen are easier to see and read by turning on zoom in Universal Access preferences. Once you turn on zoom, you can set preferences for how you want zoom to work.
In Universal Access preferences, click Seeing and make sure zoom is turned on. (The button at the top of the pane should say Turn Off Zoom.) Then click "Zoom options." A dialog opens.
Drag the Maximum Zoom and Minimum Zoom sliders to set the maximum and minimum magnification that you would like to use when zooming in and out rapidly.
To make a rectangle appear on the screen to indicate the center point of the zoom, select "Show preview rectangle when zoomed out." You can choose the area to zoom in on by dragging to move the rectangle.
Select "Smooth images" to make the zoomed screen images appear smooth.
When you move the pointer around the screen, the zoomed screen image changes. To make the zoomed image shift continuously as you move the mouse, select "Continuously with the pointer." To prevent the zoomed image from moving until you move the pointer to one edge of the screen, select "Only when the pointer reaches an edge." To keep the center point of the screen near the pointer as you move it, select "So the pointer is at or near the center of the image."
To make the screen image appear larger (zoom in), press Command-Option-+. To make it appear smaller (zoom out), press Command-Option-hyphen (-). You can change these shortcut keys in the Keyboard Shortcuts pane of Keyboard & Mouse preferences.
Making the computer speak button and icon names
If you have trouble reading text on your computer screen, you can set up your computer to read aloud the text on the screen when you move the pointer over an item in the Finder, the Dock, or in application toolbars.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Universal Access.
Click Seeing.
Select the checkbox labeled "Enable access for assistive devices."
In the top left corner of the dialog box, click Show all, and then click Speech.
Click the Spoken User Interface button.
Select the checkbox labeled "Text under the mouse."
Changing the way your mouse responds
You can change how fast the onscreen pointer moves and how fast you have to click for the computer to recognize a double-click.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Keyboard & Mouse.
Click Mouse.
Drag the Tracking Speed slider to select how fast the pointer moves. Drag the Double-Click Speed slider to set how fast you have to double-click.
Double-click the words in the field below the slider to see if the setting is working the way you want it to.
Using the keyboard to perform actions
If you have difficulty using the mouse, you can use your keyboard to perform many of the same actions instead of using the mouse. By turning on Full Keyboard Access in Keyboard & Mouse preferences, you can use your keyboard to select menus; icons in the Finder, Dock, and application toolbars; and items in windows and dialogs.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Keyboard & Mouse.
Click Keyboard Shortcuts.
3. Select the checkbox labeled "Turn on full keyboard access."
Shortcuts for Mouse Keys
If Mouse Keys is on in Universal Access preferences, use these numeric keypad keys to move the mouse. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, press the fn (function) key.
Action Shortcut
Move up 8
Move down 2
Move left 4
Move right 6
Move diagonally 1, 3, 7, and 9
Click the mouse button 5
Hold down the mouse button 0
Release the mouse button Period (.)
Quickly turning Sticky Keys and Mouse Keys on or off
If you use the Sticky Keys and Mouse Keys features on your computer only some of the time, you can set them to be easily turned on or off using a keyboard shortcut. You must first enable the keyboard shortcuts that turn the features on and off.
To turn on the Sticky Keys and Mouse Keys keyboard shortcuts:
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Universal Access.
To turn on the keyboard shortcut for Sticky Keys, click the Keyboard button, and then select the checkbox labeled "Press the Shift key five times to turn Sticky Keys on or off."
To enable the keyboard shortcut for Mouse Keys, click the Mouse button, and then select the checkbox labeled "Press the Option key five times to turn Mouse Keys on or off."
Once the keyboard shortcuts are enabled, you can turn Sticky Keys on or off by pressing the Shift key five times in a row. Turn Mouse Keys on or off by pressing the Option key five times in a row.
Characters repeat too fast or slow
If you hold down a character key briefly, the character begins to repeat. You can set how long you must hold down the key before the character starts repeating and how fast it repeats once it starts.
Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, and then click Keyboard & Mouse.
Click Keyboard.
Drag the Delay Until Repeat slider to set how long to delay before the character begins repeating.
Drag the Key Repeat Rate slider to set how fast characters repeat.
You can type in the text field to see how the settings work.
Making the keyboard respond more slowly when you press keys
If you have trouble getting your computer to respond properly when you strike keys on your keyboard, you can increase the length of time between when the key is struck and when the computer accepts the keystroke.
To set the keyboard acceptance delay:
1. Choose Apple menu > System Preferences and click Universal Access. Then click Keyboard.
2.Select On next to Slow Keys in the bottom half of the pane.
3. Drag the Acceptance Delay slider to set how long you want the acceptance delay to be.
4. To hear a feedback sound each time the computer accepts a keystroke, select "Use click key sounds."
You can also set the delay between repeated keys in the Keyboard & Mouse preferences pane. Click Set Key Repeat Rate, and then drag the Key Repeat Rate slider and the Delay Until Repeat slider to adjust the keyboard repeat response rate.
Accessibility with Web Pages
Preventing fonts from being too small
If you are person who has difficulty seeing, you can prevent fonts in web pages from being too small.
1.Choose Preferences from the Safari menu and click Advanced.
2.Select the checkbox to never use fonts smaller than the selected size.
3.Choose a font size from the pop-up menu.
Some web pages may not look correct if you select this option. This setting does not affect the size of fonts in images.
Using full keyboard access shortcuts with Safari
You can use the standard full keyboard access shortcuts to access and select buttons and menus in Safari. If you choose, you can also use the keyboard to highlight links in web pages.
Full keyboard access may be useful if you are a person with a disability and have difficulty using a mouse.
To turn on full keyboard access, open System Preferences and click Keyboard & Mouse, then click Keyboard Shortcuts. Select the checkbox to turn on full keyboard access.
If you want to highlight links in web pages using the Tab key, choose Preferences from the Safari menu, then click Advanced. Select the option to highlight links using the Tab key.
If you turn on full keyboard access, Safari uses the standard shortcut keys to access menus and windows. Here are a few things to keep in mind:
Press the Tab key to highlight buttons and text boxes in the address bar, bookmarks and bookmark collections in the bookmarks bar and Bookmarks Library, and tabs in the tab bar. You can also highlight buttons in web pages.
Use the Up Arrow or Down Arrow keys to open menus for bookmark collections in the bookmarks bar and for the Back and Forward buttons in the address bar. You can also use the arrow keys to highlight items in these menus.
If you've chosen to highlight links using the Tab key, you can press Option-Tab to select items that are not links. This can be useful if a page has a large number of links.
Press the Space bar to select a highlighted button.
Press Return to open a highlighted link.
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